Open Observatory

Data-centre construction and activity from free satellite data. We can see construction and on-site fuel burning; we cannot see electricity use directly. List · Quarterly detail · Research · Code · Epoch AI data and annotations (CC BY 4.0); modified and independently roof-dated here.

measured: operator-reported electricity, or fuel burning seen from orbit
derived: annual load from the operator's published water use (uncertain ×2)
detected: combustion or energisation signal, load not measured
presumed: documented capacity × utilisation prior
construction, unknown, or approximate